Examen PAU Lengua Extranjera: Inglés 2026 Ordinaria (modelo 2) — Madrid

Read the text carefully and answer the questions IN ENGLISH. Musicians Feel Pain Differently It is well known that learning to play an instrument gives advantages beyond music. Research shows it is a great activity for the brain. It can improve coordination, speech and memory. It can even help to keep our brains younger. Making music is more than a creative skill, it is also a mental exercise that strengthens how we think and feel. After working with musicians for years, we saw how they kept practising despite feeling pain from repeated movements. That made us wonder: if musical training can reshape the brain, can it also change how musicians feel pain? Pain activates many reactions in our body and brain. For example, touching something hot makes you move your hand immediately. Pain also changes brain activity. Usually, it reduces activity in the area of the brain that controls movement. This helps you stop using an injured body part too much and protects you in the short term. However, if pain continues, problems can appear. For example, if you injure your ankle and avoid using it for weeks, mobility decreases and brain activity is disrupted. This can increase pain. Research also shows that long-lasting pain can make the brain’s “body map” smaller. This map helps the muscles know when and how to move. When the map gets smaller, the pain can feel stronger. However, not everyone reacts the same way. Some people tolerate pain better than others. In our study, we wanted to find out if musical training changes how musicians deal with pain. We created temporary hand pain in musicians and non-musicians. To do this, we used a special substance called “nerve growth factor”. This substance is safe but it makes muscles ache for days. We then measured brain activity by sending small magnetic signals into the brain to see how it controls the hand. We made hand maps before the injection, two days later, and eight days later. The results were clear. Even before feeling pain, musicians had more detailed hand maps. The more hours they practised, the better these maps were. After feeling pain, musicians reported less discomfort. In non-musicians, the brain map became smaller after only two days. In musicians, the maps stayed the same. The more they had trained, the less pain they felt. This was a small study with only 40 people, but findings show that musicians’ brains respond differently to pain. Their training seems to protect them. Adapted from Ana Zamorano’s “Neuroscience Finds Musicians Feel Pain Differently from the Rest of Us.” The Conversation, 24 Sep. 2025. <https://theconversation.com/neuroscience-finds-musicians-feel-pain-differently-from-the-rest-of-us-265815> Question 1 Indicate whether TWO of the following statements are True, False or the information is Not Given in the text (T/F/NG). In true and false cases, copy the complete sentence that contains the evidence which justifies your answer. No marks are given for only TRUE or FALSE. [2 points: 1 point each]